Personal Narrative- The Wrong Crowd of Friends :: Personal Narrative Essays

Personal Narrative- The Wrong Crowd of Friends It was a cold October afternoon in 1996, and I raced down the stairs and out the front door, in an attempt to avoid my mother's questions of where I was going, with whom, and when I'd be back. I saw my friend Kolin pull up in his rusted, broken-down gray van, and the side door opened as Mark jumped out and motioned for me to come. I was just about to get in when my mother called from the front doorway. She wanted to talk to me, but I didn't want to talk to her, so I hopped in pretending I hadn't heard her and told Kolin to drive off. When we were out of my neighborhood I asked where we were going and Kolin said we were going to Dre's apartment first; afterwards we would take the Metro down to Northwest because he had to meet up with some people for a drug deal. Mark began to roll a joint and he said, "Look, I scored some KB off this idiot high-school kid who thought it was swag. It's my treat ladies." We rolled up to Dre's apartment, drank a little and hot-boxed the van. As we sat there smoking, Kolin, Mark, and Dre began to talk about the recent events. "That party last Friday was fucking stupid. I can't believe they gave you shit at the door," said Kolin. "Yeah it was almost a messy situation, but they backed off," replied Mark. "Who cares man, I got sixty-five for the stereo in that house. And the way I see it, it was all fair," remarked Dre. At this they all burst out laughing and even I joined in for a chuckle. The "KB" was in effect, and our spirits were raised, not to mention our "senses of humor." I leaned back and sat there smiling as they continued to reminisce about their other excursions. I loved to hear about it all, and it was fun learning about drugs and theft, and other things you could put into practice without "really" hurting anyone. I was unknowingly getting an education in "street smarts," and how to "rip people off." I enjoyed learning about it because it all seemed so fun and easy, and only the benefits, such as money, seemed tangible to me, not the consequences of my actions.

Recruitment and Selection Strategies Essay

Over the past five weeks, work was completed on an employment compliance plan, compensation, and benefits strategies plan, performance management strategies suggested, advise given on training plans, and this week, we will provide recommendations on recruitment and selection strategies. Within these suggested strategies, the importance of implementing the following will be highlighted, the goals for Bollman Hotels, anticipated demographic changes, analysis of projected workforce needs, objectives of workforce diversity, branding of the organization, methods for recruiting, screening, and selecting candidates. Organizational Goals Bollman Hotels has net revenue of $100,000,000 with a 15% growth expected within the first year. A workforce of 25,000 employees with plans to increase by 20% with the expansion to India and the current employee turnover is 5%. Based on this information and the stage of their business development, they will need to enter the Indian market fiercely, but with as little interruption to the tourism industry as possible. Therefore, Bollman will have to be competitive and establish a premier hotel chain that will lure international travelers seeking the exotic, heterogeneous, and lavish experience by offering elitism while on business or pleasure (Incredible India, n. . ). It is recommended that the goal of Bollman Hotel’s in India is to open and operate at a five star deluxe status and be competitive with hotels such as Taj Falaknuma Palace, ITC Hotel Kakatiya, Park Hyatt, Hderabad, and The Ashok, just, to name a few (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2013). Therefore, Bollman Hotels will be a premier chain while aligning itself with the Government of India’s to urism and hotel requirements (Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, 2013). Forecasted Demographic Changes Bollman Hotel’s entrance into the Indian market also means a shift in the demographics. Affluent international clients visiting Bollman hotels will bring notoriety to the region that they are located resulting in an economic boost. A thriving emerging economy means Indian Nationals (both men and women) experience a socio-economic change with an increase in jobs and income in that region. Additionally, with the increase in birthrates, the candidate pool has increased and Bollman will help to provide these well needed jobs (Chua, 2012). Five-Year Workforce Plan Based on the organizational goals and demographic changes, it is recommended that Bollman adopt a three-step plan to analyze its present workforce. This will help to identify the needs over the next five years (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). First step includes a supply analysis – evaluating current resources and includes the number of persons performing specific job functions in Minnesota, how many are supervised by one person and is it sufficient. What is the current pay rate in Minnesota and what will work best in India and what are the areas that contribute the most to the current 5% turnover rate and what will decrease it (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). Second step recommended is a demand analysis that will evaluate the future needs of Bollman Hotels. This analysis will determine the jobs necessary for optimum service, the jobs that can be combined or eliminated, the possible technological changes to operate best and the areas that can be performed more economically and effectively (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). The final recommended step is a gap analysis that will identify a projected need that has not been met or an excess. This is done by comparing the supply and demand results. Based on the results received from the gap analysis, solutions such as additional training, increased staff, and more efficient recruitment and hiring processes can be done over the next five years (Analyzing Your Workforce, n. d. ). Workforce Diversity Objectives Diversity is the variations that exist in an organizations based on age, gender, educational background, ethnic groups, culture, and working customs (Lai, 2013). Workforce diversity helps to manage the change that has taken place in the workforce from a manufacturing to a service industry that Bollman Hotels provides (Cascio, 2013). Second, market globalization is another factor and with Bollman’s move into an international market, it is important that they understand their internal market its customers to operate best (Cascio, 2013). Third, many businesses are requiring increased teamwork (Cascio, 2013). Bollman has experience with this demand in Minnesota with peak operating seasons and have had to increase the number of personnel that work at once. The same will apply in India. Fourth, there are increased mergers and strategic international alliances (Cascio, 2013) and with Bollman’s international move, there will be a difference in the corporate culture. Therefore, it is recommended that diversity training is provided. Finally, India is an evolving economy and with an expected increase in diverse workers such as women it is imperative that Bollman Hotel workers understand that the aim is to provide quality service to everyone (Cascio, 2013). Organizational Branding Organizational branding is essential at this point of the recommendations to Bollman Hotels. With a goal to be known as a five start deluxe hotel, it is important to put the name Bollman Hotels in the Indian market and among the local areas in the United States and Europe known for international business travel. It is recommended that this is done through traditional advertisements in local papers in the language of each country and most important and relevant to these recommendations, through hiring diverse employees (Cascio, 2013). This will ensure that Bollman is known to help create a boost in the Indian economy and the demographics as previously mentioned, hence, causing more word-of-mouth marketing internationally. Also, the service standards and five star statuses will also be something to rave about. Methods for Screening Candidates It is important that Bollman Hotels has a process for screening candidates; therefore, recommendations will be made for interview methods, testing procedures, and interview process considerations, all of which will cover the screening process. Interview Methods Employment interviews allow organizations to have an idea of the skills and personality traits that a candidate possesses (Cascio, 2013). It is therefore recommended that Bollman Hotels interview team have interview questions built on-the-job analysis done. Create general questions for all candidates, use thorough rating scales with descriptions of desired behaviors as scale points and recording notes focused on the behavior of the candidate. It is also recommended that several interviewers are used with a diverse number of them and that vast training is provided on how to conduct interviews. Interviewers are also encouraged to wait until all interviews are complete prior to discussing any candidates and finally, use statistical information and overall views of the candidates to decide (Cascio, 2013). Interview Process Considerations To ensure that the interview is a fair process, it is recommended that the panel focuses on-the-job competencies, assess resumes and applications by concentrating on specifics in line with the job requirements. Consider things that identifies if a candidate meets the requirements and skills that they possess from precious employment that are applicable (Cascio, 2013). Use open-ended questions to stimulate elaboration on topics and use questionnaires that will highlight how well someone will perform and overall fit. It is also recommended that scenario type questions are used as this will give an idea of how they will handle specific situations (Cascio, 2013). Finally, given this is a US company going into India, it is recommended that interviews are done in relaxed environments. This will allow candidate to be more open and relaxed with their responses also giving the interviewer a chance to note both verbal and non-verbal responses (Cascio, 2013). Testing Procedures Employment testing is necessary for Bollman hotels, not only based on the location, but also to protect them and to ensure they are hiring suitable employees. The tests recommended are work-sample tests, leaderless-group discussions, personality measures, and integrity test. Bollman Hotel’s goal in India is to be a premier chain; hence, service delivery is important. So, job fit is important and an integrity test will help to outline the attitudes of prospects toward stealing, dishonest behavior, violence, and drug abuse. This it done through overt integrity test – clear purpose esting and personality-based measures – disguised -purpose test (Cascio, 2013). Employees will have access to guest rooms and information, so ensuring that Bollman has an idea of their tendencies, could help with selection. Another testing method is the work-sample tests used to analyze an applicant’s ability to perform a job task (Casco, 2013). Placing an employ ee in a hotel room or situation based on the job they applied for will show the interviewer if he or she can perform this task, such as spreading a bed according to Bollman Hotel standards for example. Leaderless-group discussion is another method and entails placing several candidates at a round table and giving them a job related topic to discuss. Each person will naturally approach this based on his or her abilities and personalities. This is recommended for Bollman as it will help to determine persons suitable for supervisory roles or otherwise. Finally, the personality measure test is recommended as it will help to identify personality characteristics such as neuroticism that is the level at which an individual is insecure, anxious emotional or calm, and self-confident. Extroversion looks at how an individual is gregarious, assertive, and sociable. Openness to experience looks at how an individual is cooperative, and warm, and conscientiousness looks at how hardworking, organized, and dependable someone is (Cascio, 2013). Personality measure is recommended because it will give an idea of persons most suited for jobs where they will interact with guest the least or the most based on their personalities. Methods for Selecting Candidates The candidates chosen for the jobs at Bollman Hotels in India will have to be in tuned with the culture of prestige and superb customer service. To do this, it is recommended that all the persons involved in the interview process are gathers and each will give their thoughts on each candidate and narrow the candidate pool. The process can be repeated until the desired number of employees has been reached (McNamara, n. d. ). The interview results and subsequent selections can be coupled with test results to make decisions as well. Job Offer The job offer is another important step in the employment process. The following are recommended when presenting the job offer to a successful candidate. Prepare a letter stating how thrilled the company is to offer them the job, outline the exact compensation offered, and outline the benefits him or her is entitled to. The letter should have a signature line for them to indicate their acceptance of the job within a specified time and the contact information for the Bollman Hotel’s personnel office if the need arises (McNamara, n. d. ). A three – month probation period is recommended in addition to orientation for one week and on-the-job training for four weeks. This should also be outlined in the letter in addition to a copy of the job description (McNamara, n. d. ). Impact of Organizational Diversity on Organizations Diversity caused organizations to grow and operate more efficiently in global markets as they understand the need to relate to their customers. This also creates a competitive advantage when customers see an active effort to embrace diversity. Diversity also effects an organization by building brand equity for companies that choose to invest in multicultural advertising. They become known globally (Cascio, 2013). Organizations are also seeing that diverse employees need to be embraced to retain productive talent. Corporate image is also a factor and is increased as organizations known to employ diverse employees are more attractive to job seekers and companies seeing alliances (Cascio, 2013). It is recommended that Bollman capitalizes on the impacts of diversity as they are entering into a diverse and global market-place. Laws to Consider for Recruitment Selection It is important that Bollman Hotels remembers that employee and future employees have specific rights under specific laws. Consent is needed for background checks to be done on applicants, and this is covered under the Fair Credit Report Act and is necessary for checks done by a third party. Also, if references are provided on an applicant, they have the right to petition to see this reference under the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act of 1974 (Cascio, 2013). Conclusion In this final recommendation prepared for Bollman Hotels, the following were effectively addressed. The organizational goals, forecasted demographic changes, five-year workforce plan, workforce diversity objectives, organizational branding, methods for screening candidates using highlighting the interview methods, interview process considerations and testing procedures. Recommendations were also made for methods for selecting candidates, the job offer, impact of organizational diversity on organizations and recruitment selection laws to consider.

Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt Essay

Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt The Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt opened up a whole new concept for our class. The new term â€Å"contact zone† appeared and Pratt defined it as social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today. The idea of the contact zone is intended in part to contrast with ideas of community that trigger much of the thinking about language, communication, and culture. According to Pratt, the two distinctive phenomenon of the contact zone are autoethnographic text and transculturation. One of†¦show more content†¦It would not be fair or effective to simply teach students from diverse backgrounds how to write in the language of power while ignoring their culture and the fact that there is a language of power. It is important for writing instructors to teach students from the dominant community why their language is considered legitimate and why the dialects or languages of other communities are not. In doing this, the instructor can break down the barrier of the imagined community. If the instructor does not address the issue of power in language, they run the risk of silencing their students who are not from the dominant culture and be responsible for the students that are from the dominant culture. First of all, the contact zone class can be applied mainly to the extent of developing one’s thoughts and ideas because of its foc us on ‘conversation’ or speech. A writing process is much more than just to put what a writer intends to say into words. In addition, Pratt pointed out the utopian quality and abstract idea of the speech community. However, it is also true that in some contexts like academic setting that kind of uniform idea of speech community has functioned well to give necessary order and stability for the development of the community. In a contact zone classroom, we are encouraged to turn ourselves to the outside world that is full ofShow MoreRelatedArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 PagesThe â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone†, an article written by Stanford professor Mary Louise Pratt, discusses many different ideas about culture and communication by utilizing what she calls the literate arts. Pratt explains many terms that she believes are beneficial in gaining a further understanding of a literary piece. Key terms such as, contact zone, autoethnography and transculturation are introduced in her essay. She describes contact zones as â€Å"social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grappleRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt1245 Words   |  5 PagesPittsburgh, Pennsylvania. During the conference Mary Louise Pratt a Stanford Professor delivered a keynote/lecture that revolutionized how people think about their social spaces. She introduced a re volutionary way to think about these social spaces, instead of calling them communities she started calling it the â€Å"contact zone†. According to Pratt a â€Å"contact zone is a place where cultures meet, clash, and grapple† (Pratt 487). While lecturing her fellow colleagues Pratt argues that our idea of community is stronglyRead MoreEssay on Arts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt532 Words   |  3 PagesArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt In the Arts of the Contact Zone, Mary Louise Pratt has tried to explain the concepts of the â€Å"contact zone†, which she referred to as â€Å"the space of colonial encounters†. This social space that she speaks about is a stage where â€Å"disparate cultures meet, clash, and grapple each other, often in highly asymmetrical relations of domination and subordination†. Pratt aims to highlight these relations between the colonizer and the colonized â€Å"in terms ofRead MoreMary Louise Pratt Edward Said Essay1151 Words   |  5 Pageshomeland. Great opening sentences. Mary Louise Pratt, Kenji Yoshino and Edward Said all present very good methods of maintaining ones national identity in their essays. In Mary Louise Pratts essay Arts of the Contact Zone she gives examples of people who are in a contact zone. Contact zones are where people are meeting other cultures, and they have to remember not to lose their own. (this was a run-on so I made it into two sente ces)One of the Arts of the contact zone that describes what has happenedRead MoreThe Literate Arts: What is the Purpose?1334 Words   |  6 PagesNicholas Crawford English 103 10 September 2014 The Literate Arts: What is the Purpose? As a student I have read several essays, all in different but connecting points of view that explore in depth the diverse ways of education, educating in the literate arts, learning, using the information, and applying it to life. In reading the controversial opinions expressed throughout these essays, the question, â€Å"What are the literate arts good for?† has crossed my mind more than a few times. Four authorsRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesMary Louise Pratt wrote the essay â€Å"Arts of the Contact Zone† with the purpose of explaining that society would benefit if people were exposed to and understood the concept of â€Å"contact zones†. She refers to contact zones as social spaces where cultures meet and clash with each other, usually with one culture being dominant over the other. A person living in a contact zone is exposed to two different cultures, two different languages, and as a result is presented with a struggle i n each culture toRead MoreCultural Concepts: Appiah’s Ideas and Mary Louise Pratts Analysis745 Words   |  3 Pagesinteractions lead to adoption of new values as well as acceptance of the significance of the beliefs of others. All I all his views are that people will always been known, treated and segregated based on their beliefs, values and norms in their culture (Pratt, 1991). The view of the culture of a particular people will always be esteemed as long it does not create conflicts or imperialism among different societal cultures. The importance of cultural identity is that it gives length to the culture enablingRead MoreContact Zone Essay1766 Words   |  8 Pages2014 The Contact Zone The Holocaust happened because two groups of people were grappling with each and one was stronger than the other. Wars typically occur because two cultures disagree and choose to settle it, and the strong culture prevails. African American and Caucasian people used to be exiled for getting married, because they were different. There are millions of different cultures in the world today and every day is an example of how they clash. An author, Mary Louise Pratt, wrote anRead MoreContact Zones Essay1325 Words   |  6 PagesThe reader is introduced to a term coined and repeated by Pratt throughout the piece, contact zones. She uses this term to refer to social spaces where cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power, such as colonialism, slavery, or their aftermaths as they are lived out in many parts of the world today (Pratt 584). Contact zones were not necessarily a positive interaction because these social interac tions usually came out of ignoranceRead MoreAnalysis of States by Edward Said1162 Words   |  5 Pageswith the effects of transculturation. Transculturation, as defined by ethnographers, is â€Å"to describe processes whereby members of a subordinate or marginal groups select and invent from materials transmitted by a dominant or metropolitan culture† (Pratt 491). In other words Palestinians have absorbed parts of the different cultures they are now part of due to the nakba, or catastrophe, which marks the exile of more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs from what is known today as Israel. On November 30,

Discourse Analysis Mini Research - 4784 Words

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter presents an introduction consisting of background of study, problems of study, objective of the study, and significance of the study. 1.1 Background of the Study Language has a social function as a tool to make connection between human beings. Without language, it seems impossible for people to interact with others in their daily life because language can express people’s feeling, willing, opinion, etc. In case of communication, some public figures might influence language use in socio culture. The figure public not only as the entertainer for society but also as a trendsetter of any aspects such as the fashion style, hobby, and the language style. The later aspect is the interesting one that we want to†¦show more content†¦2.2 Critical Discourse Analysis Critical Discourse Analysis is based heavily upon Halliday‟s systemic functional linguistics (Fairclough, 1992, Fairclough 1999), and the critical linguistics approach which stemmed from the work led by Roger Fowler at the University of East Anglia in the 1970s (Fairclough 1992, Coffin 2001). Fairclough supported the ideas of critical linguistics, but felt that in many respects, they did not go far enough. Fowler claims that the effectiveness of critical linguistics lies in â€Å"its capacity to equip readers for demystificatory readings of ideology-laden texts† (Fowler, 1996: 6). But Fairclough believed that this focuses excessively on the „text as product‟, to the detriment of examining how these texts are produced, and how they may be interpreted. For Fairclough, it is equally vital that we understand the process of production of the text, as well as the process of interpretation of the text. CDA aims at making the connections transparent among discourse practices, social practices and social structures, connections that might be opaque to the layperson (Sheyholislami 2001). Luke (as cited in Taiwo 2007)Show MoreRela tedThe Russian Ukrainian Conflict During Media Discourse1510 Words   |  7 Pagescreated and shaped by community. In war or conflict discourse the power of media is crucial because it affects the image of the country on the international stage as well as public mood and atmosphere in the country. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian conflict has been a matter of debate between many countries including but not limited to Russia and Ukraine. The research area of the current study is the current Russian-Ukrainian conflict in media discourse. The present study seeks to determine whether thisRead MorePhilosophy of Science in Social Research1455 Words   |  6 Pagesstudy of social research is an important dimension of social science which has been placed to analyze the problems of social science description and its relationships. Philosophy of social science deals with the generalized meaning of the thing amp; centered on the sharing of experience about the social world in which peopleâ€⠄¢s perspective differs from one another. The various approaches analyze the social research on the basis of three grounds: Thematic analysis, meta-narratives and mini-narratives andRead MoreThe Studies Of Music And How It May Not Help The Alzheimer s Disease1675 Words   |  7 Pageswhich manifest in language deficits, among other cognitive difficulties. The main failures in speech include naming difficulties, verbal fluency deficit, comprehension problems, and deterioration of spontaneous speech. People with AD tend to have discourse deficits, which include empty phrases, indefinite words, and repetitions. The speech of a person with the deficits is difficult for an interlocutor to follow. Thus, theses progressive language failures can lead people with AD to isolation. DueRead MoreHow Fashion Can Represent The State Of Mind And Emotions Of New Zealanders Essay1778 Words   |  8 Pagesheld however, by those involved or interested in fashion tend to favour Benjamin’s viewpoint. This research’s intent is to provide evidence that fashion, with an emphasis on the work of New Zealand designers, can be a major commentator on social discourse. Placing emphasis on this potential is what could allow design to have an equal amount of possibilities and opportunities as any other form of fine arts. The question of how the world of fashion can be connected to social and political movementsRead MoreThe Curriculum At Wilson Elementary School1647 Words   |  7 Pages What is the curriculum at Wilson Elementary and how is it implemented? I chose to research the curriculum at Wilson Elementary School because it is the school I currently teach at. I was interested in the curriculum of Wilson because teachers are given the freedom and professional judgment to do what is best for students. This means we are all to use the district curriculums, but use data, strategies, best practices and supplemental material to do what is best and most effective for studentsRead MoreThe Evolution of Second- and Foreign- Language Teaching1662 Words   |  7 Pageswhich language pedagogy has aimed to renew and improve itself:1. Innovation through change in teaching methods; 2. Innovation through language-related sciences and research; 3. Technological innovation. During the nineteenth century, the Grammar-Translation Method with its emphasis on the transmission of structural rules and analysis of form served as the principal method of teaching modern and classical languages in schools. The goal of studying a foreign language was to learn the language soRead MoreRhetorical Analysis : Surprise ! It Is A Writing Class !1977 Words   |  8 Pagesuse handouts in order to support my discussion on a specific topic you gave us. In the journal, I incorporated ideas from your handouts and written articles you provided us in order to support my claims. By reading the assigned â€Å"Rhetorical Choice Analysis† handout I learned that there are several types of supporting evidence: examples, experts, explanations, and no-prose texts. For my own convenience of supporting one of my claims throughout the second journal I cited Carroll in the article as anRead MoreThe Concept Of Gender Identity2760 Words   |  12 Pagesconditioned and not as opposite as it seemed came with the research data from hormones study: it was revealed that both male and female contain hormones of both sexes Judith Butler, another imp ortant feminist writer, gave a new impact to feminism studies with her book â€Å"Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity†. Butler linked identity formation to social discourses and claimed that as long as authorities and regimes influence discourses formation the categories of sex and gender cannot beRead MoreThe Relationship Between Knowledge-Telling and Knowledge-Transforming Strategies2957 Words   |  12 Pagesof writing process, they are the knowledge-telling model (simple narrative) and the knowledge-transforming model (expository writing). (http://www.rdg.ac.uk/AcaDepts/cl/slals/process.htm [26.11.01]) Bereiter and Scardamalia’s research findings reveal very different forms of composing behaviour between the skilled and less skilled writer (Grabe Kaplan, 1996, p.118). They have provided evidence showing that the less skilled writers start writing their work much Read MoreCooperative Learning Research Proposal4811 Words   |  20 PagesRunning Head: COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT Abstract The researcher, School District. The purpose of this research is to determine whether an interdependence model of cooperative learning will improve student achievement, when compared to a cooperative learning model that uses student jobs. Cooperative learning processes are being used throughout the country on every level as a method of improving student learning as a medium to teach these desired characteristics. The goals of

Blood Imagery In Macbeth Essay - 590 Words

In Shakespeares Macbeth a play, a man named Macbeth goes through a great transformation; Macbeth goes from being a heroic general in the kings army to an assassin and a tyrant. The theme of the play is never give into evil because it destroys no matter what the benefits are. Blood Imagery is very important in the play; it shows Macbeths evil ambition in the beginning, middle, and end of the play. In the beginning of the play, blood imagery is very important. quot;Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chaps, / and fixed his head upon our battlementsquot;(I.ii.22-23). Macbeth has just killed the enemy and become a hero; Macbeth killed the enemy not for fame or fortune but to defend his land and people. In this next quote Macbeths†¦show more content†¦quot;Oh, treachery! Fly, good Fleance, fly, fly, fly! / Thou mayest revengequot;(III.iii.18-19). quot;Avaunt! And quit my sight!Let the earth hide thee! / Thy bone are marrowless, thy blood is cold; / thou hass no speculation in those eyesquot;(III.iv.93-96). Banquos ghost haunts Macbeth, and Macbeth is unable to face it. Macbeths evil ambition usually leaves Macbeth feeling at peace or safe, but now his ambition has left him with a painful vision of his dead friend. quot;What, you egg! / Young fry of treachery! / He has killed mequot;(IV.ii.79-82). Macbeth has sent his men to catch and kill Macduff, and instead Macbet hs men kill Macduffs innocent son and later his wife. Macbeth is now giving orders to kill woman and children; he has become a complete tyrant. In addition to the middle, blood imagery is important to the end of the play. quot;Out, damned spot! outquot;(V.i.28). Lady Macbeths guilt has overcome her; every night she scrubs her hands to remove the blood, the guilt of killing. Lady Macbeth pays for her husbands crimes with her life. quot;Hes worth more sorrow, / And that Ill spend for him. / Hes worth no more. / they say he parted well, and paid his scorequot;(V.viii.51-53). The evil Macbeth killed the good young Siward. YOung Siwards blood was spilt for good; he did not die in shame; young Siward died with honor as a soldier should and for that his father was proud.Show MoreRelatedMacbeth Imagery Blood1442 Words   |  6 PagesBlood Imagery in Macbeth Shakespeare’s plays are well known for the richness of their imagery. This is particularly true in Macbeth and the many allusions to blood. The use of blood imagery gives the reader some foresight into what is going on in the play and how the characters are thinking and feeling. Blood is used to represent heroics on the battlefield, evil and murderous inclinations, and ultimately guilt and shame. Shakespeare uses the symbol of blood to give the readers insight intoRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth857 Words   |  4 Pagesevident as the bloody hands of Macbeth and his obsession with them. Macbeth has killed King Duncan and doesn’t stop there, he kills the guards making Duncan’s sons flee. This gives Macbeth the throne. However he becomes overwhelmed with the guilt. Shakespeare uses blood to show how it reminds Macbeth of the violent acts he has committed and how he has become obsessed with the blood on his hands. Initially the blood represents courage and bravery. For brave Macbeth-well he deserves that name- â€Å"disdainingRead MoreMacbeth - Blood Imagery in Macbeth Essay990 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote the Tragedy of Macbeth in approximately 1606 AD. He loosely based it on a historical event occurring around 1050 AD. Macbeth is the story of a nobleman, who, while trying to fulfill a prophecy told to him by three witches, murders his King to cause his ascension to the throne of Scotland. After the Kings murder, Macbeth reigns as a cruel and ruthless tyrant, who is forced to kill more people to keep control of the throne. Finally, Scottish rebels combined with English forcesRead MoreTheme Of Blood Imagery In Macbeth872 Words   |  4 Pages MACBETH’S FALL INTO EVIL Shakespeare uses imagery to show Macbeth’s fall into evil. Darkness is invariably associated with evil and to a certain extent deception. William Shakespeare employs the imagery of darkness throughout his play of Macbeth. He uses dark images often to describe instruments of disorder and the evils which characters portray. Macbeth is a tragedy that was written by Shakespeare in the Elizabethan Era. In Elizabethan England night air was said to be impure and rheumy and itRead More Blood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth is a story taken from Scottish history and presented to the Scottish king James I. Shakespeare took this gory tale of murderous ambition, however, and transformed it into an imaginative tale of good and evil. Shakespeare brought about this transformation by relying upon â€Å"imaginative verbal vigor† that imbeds itself in the brilliantly concentrated phrases of this literary work. Critics have dubbed it his dar kest work, along with King Lear. In his critique of Shakespeare’s worksRead MoreBlood Imagery in Macbeth Essay1451 Words   |  6 PagesMacbeth is the ultimate story of a fight between the forces of good and evil. It tells the tale of a tragic hero whose quest for power leads to his ultimate downfall. Macbeth starts out as an honorable warrior but changes when his ambition becomes uncontrollable. As he becomes increasingly paranoid, Macbeth uses violent means to eliminate threats to his Scottish throne. As the play progresses, blood continuously plays a part in the events as the murders become more frequent. William ShakespeareRead MoreMacbeth Blood Imagery Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"HUGH, YOU ARE GUSHING BLOOD!!!† Our heads spin around to see bright, red blood all over his shoes, feet, and the boat. The sight of blood immediately made my stomach drop and put everyone into an instant frenzy. Blood causes people to react because of the stir of emotion it causes, and the same can be said for imagery. Authors of all types of literature use imagery as a tool to engross their readers and make their senses come alive, specifically Shakespeare. In all of Shakespeare’s work a key instrumentRead MoreTheme Of Blood Imagery In Macbeth1001 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s use of Blood to Represent Guilt â€Å"Guilt is cancer. 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Within each form of this imagery Shakespeare incorporates symbols that the reader must understand if they are to interpret either the passage or the play as a whole. In Macbeth blood symbolizesRead More bloodmac Shakespeares Macbeth - Images and Imagery of Blood and Sleep922 Words   |  4 PagesBlood and Sleep Imagery in Macbeth  Ã‚   Macbeth screams imagery!   Shakespeare uses imagery of blood and sleep   to create an atmosphere of horror, during the killing of Duncan, which contributes to our sense of Macbeths growing insanity.   Eventually Lady Macbeths final scene is enhanced with the use of blood imagery which reflects her guilt.   Shakespeares use of imagery connects the feeling of horror from audience to play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Macbeth held such potential for himself. He was

Lexical Semantics Hyponyny Networks Free Essays

Question 2 Not all dictionary definitions contain classifiers, but many do, and in some cases when you look up the classifier itself, you find another even more general classifier within its definition. For example, you might like to think about the following definitions from the Collins English Dictionary. Colostrum is the thin milky secretion from the nipples that precedes and follows true lactation. We will write a custom essay sample on Lexical Semantics: Hyponyny Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now It consists largely of serum and white blood cells. A secretion is a substance that is released from a cell, especially a glandular cell, and is synthesized in the cell from simple substances extracted from the blood or similar fluid. Substance is (1) the tangible basic matter of which a thing consists; or (2) a specific type of matter, especially a homogeneous material with definite or fairly definite chemical composition. Matter is (1) that which makes up something, especially a physical object; material. What are the classifiers in these definitions? (Why is this question hard to answer? Can you change the definition to make it easier? ) Draw a diagram to show the hyponymy chain you found in (a), with hyponyms shown below their classifiers. Can you think of any additional levels that you can put in the hyponymy chain above secretion? Add them. Sebum and saliva are co-hyponyms of colostrum. Add them to the diagram, along with two co-hyponyms for each level of the chain. Add distinguishers to your diagram, to differentiate each of the co-hyponyms you have added. On an intuitive level it would seem a simple task to select the different classifiers within each of the above definitions however, several problems arise which belie this. Colostrum is the easiest to deal with as it is the most specific of the four terms, although there is still potential for an error to be made. The only classifier in this description is ‘secretion’ as, according to Hudson (1995: 26) â€Å"the classifier †¦ is the first common noun that follows is†[1]. Although this syntactic relationship is useful as a method of identification, it is not the reason ‘secretion’ is a classifier of ‘colostrum’. Syntactic relationships exist between lexemes, not senses, and are governed by the relationships between senses, thus it is the latter that hyponymic networks represent. The classifier (C) is the concept that is superordinate to the ense in question (S1) in that S1 must possess enough characteristics of the classifier to make it a type of that concept, even if not a typical one, as well as distinguishers that serve to differentiate it from the classifier and any other co-hyponyms. More simply, S1 is a hyponym of C iff all S1 are a type of C, but not all C are S1 (op cit. 16). Furthermore, classifiers for common nouns will always capture what S1 is, not how or why it is. In the case of ‘colostrum’ only ‘secretion’ performs this function: we can say that colostrum is a type of secretion. It is important, however, to refine the concept of ‘what it is’: if this is taken to include a material concept as well as a typical one, i. e. , what it is made up of or consists of, there is more scope for what can be considered a classifier. Under this description both ‘serum’ and white blood cell’ can be considered as classifiers of ‘colostrum’. This does not seem to be correct though, as ‘colostrum’ is not a type of serum or white blood cell, nor does it possess enough of the characteristics of either to qualify as a hyponym. Therefore, in such cases we can eliminate concepts about the material of which a referent of the given sense consists as candidates for classifiers. Having established the criteria for identifying classifiers it should now be easier to identify those for the remaining senses however, there are further difficulties. It is safe to say that ‘substance’ is the classifier of ‘secretion’ according to the above rule but the use of ‘substance’ twice in the definition provides potential for confusion: according to the definition for ‘secretion’ above we can make the following statement: (A) a secretion is a substance1 made up of substances2. The difficulty seems to lie in SUBSTANCE being polysemic (Palmer 1981: 100), a fact apparently proven by its having two definitions. This implies that SUBSTANCE1 represents one of the given senses of ‘substance’ whilst SUBSTANCE2 represents the other, but neither fits with sense (1) as both are a specific type of matter. Therefore, both must be the concept in sense (2) but if SUBSTANCE1 and SUBSTANCE2 do have the same sense statement (A) has no useful meaning, for it to do so SUBSTANCE requires an additional sense. The solution is provided in the definition of ‘secretion’: SUBSTANCE1 is istinguished from SUBSTANCE2 by the addition of ‘simple’ to the latter. In this way it can be seen that SUBSTANCE1 refers to sense (2) whereas SUBSTANCE2 refers to a different sense that is related to, but more specific than (2). To avoid such confusion replacing SUBSTANCE2 with a different lexeme could prove useful, e. g. , COMPOUND, although this is not necessa ry so long as we understand that SUBSTANCE is polysemic and we know which sense each refers to. As ‘substance1’ has the sense (2) in the definition we shall refer to it as ‘substance (2)’ and it is this sense that is the classifier for ‘secretion’. The definition provided for ‘substance (2)’ makes identifying the classifier here straightforward as it begins by telling us that it is a â€Å"specific type of matter† (my emphasis), which is the central criteria for hyponymy. So given that ‘matter’ is the classifier for ‘substance (2)’ we can now find the next classifier in the chain. It could be assumed that the brevity of the definition makes this task even more simple however, the definition is a â€Å"consists of† statement which rules out any concepts it contains as a classifier. It is thus the case that not all concepts have a superordinate concept. As such we can say that ‘matter’ sits at the top of the hyponymy chain and is the broadest sense of ‘colostrum’. Given this information we can now represent all of the relationships above in the following diagram: Fig. 1) Initial hyponymy chain for colostrum. This chain is based solely on the definitions given above however, the claim can be made that this diagram does not contain a complete set of classifiers for ‘colostrum’. There are facts about ‘secretion’ that are not contained in ‘substance (2)’ but that cannot be considered as unique to it, in particular those about its relationship with organisms and organic matter. This claim is based on the fact, as given in the definition, that ‘secretion’ is a substance particular to cells, which are the constituent parts of an organism. All of this information is unrepresented within the chain as it is because the relationship ‘secretion’ has with ‘cell’ is not due to a shared nature or type. When the hyponymy test is applied the mismatch is more evident: ! a secretion is a type of cell. This does not deny that the two are related however, only that they are not the same kind of thing, so instead n alternative way must be found of including and representing this relationship. As ‘cell’ is the missing concept there must be some sense it shares with ‘secretion’. According to my definition of ‘cell’ many together make up an organism and because any substance that is a ‘secretion’ is the product of a cell, it can also be considered the product of an organism. We can go a step further and state that both are types of substance particular to organisms, which allows the statement a ‘secretion’ is a ‘substance particular to organisms’. This can be further refined when the concepts ‘glandular’ and ‘blood’ are considered as these relate specifically to ‘body’, not just to any organism in general. We can thus replace ‘organism’ and instead state that a ‘secretion’ is a ‘substance particular to a body’ or, more concisely, it is a ‘bodily substance’. A second gap exists between ‘bodily substance’ and ‘substance’ for the same reason as above: arguably, a ‘bodily substance’ has characteristics shared with other types of particular substance that together constitute a more general type of substance. As mentioned above ‘organism’ bears a relation to ‘organic material’ in that all of the substances of which an organism is composed are organic. Given that a body is a kind of organism any bodily substance must also be organic but not all organic material is of the body hence, ‘organic material’ is a classifier of ‘bodily substance’. These new facts can be added to Fig. 1) to provide a more complete sense network: Fig. 2) Full hyponymy chain for ‘colostrum’. When considering potential co-hyponyms there are two criteria that must be met: the co-hyponyms must share most if not all of the sense of the shared classifier but they must be differentiated by at least one distinguisher (Hudson 1995: 27). Each of the co-hyponyms in Fig. 3) meets these criteria but this does not mean to imply it is a simple task. Take ‘matter’ and ‘substance (1)’: the two could initially be considered to be co-hyponyms. This, however, is not the case. Essentially, the definitions for ‘substance1’ and ‘matter’ are the same: we could give a definition of matter s ‘that of which a thing consists’ because CONSISTS OF and MAKES UP have the same sense. Nor does there appear to be any fact about either concept that serves to differentiate them so we must accept that rather than ‘matter’ and ‘substance (1)’ bearing a hyponymic relationship they are actually synonyms. As such, SUBSTAN CE (1) is nothing more than an alternative lexeme that can be used to represent ‘matter’ and so can be omitted from the network. Fig. 3) shows that although many of the co-hyponyms do not bear a direct relation to ‘colostrum’ they are part of a conceptual network that illustrates how senses are related. It also displays the fact that the further up the chain a concept is the broader is the range of its hyponyms because the sense becomes more generalised at each level. Furthermore, it also shows how concepts can share multiple classifiers and hyponyms. Fig. 3) Hyponymy network for ‘colostrum’. Distinguishers can be concise or generalised providing they serve as differentiators between the senses. When selecting appropriate facts to include the notion of prototypes should be accounted for in that any potential distinguisher should ideally describe a prototypical referent of the given sense (op. it. 20). Take ‘glandular’ it appears in the definition of ‘secretion’ but it has been omitted from the network. This is because it is not a prototypical characteristic in that not even the majority of secretions are from glandular cells, it is only provided as an example of the kind of cell involved. A further difficulty in selecting distinguishers is deci ding what kind of information to include. Definitive information serve to provide the minimum data needed to clarify a concept whilst encyclopaedic information attempts to provide all of the facts about a concept. The danger with the latter is that information may be included that does not serve to differentiate that concept from another. I would argue that both kinds of information should be included provided that each fact is part of the sense it iff that fact is relevant to the function of differentiation. Fig. 4) includes information of both kinds and, although I have removed the referent and lexeme classifier for the sake of clarity, it can be considered as the most complete network of senses that relate to colostrum’. Fig. 4) Complete hyponymy network for ‘colostrum’. Bibliography Hudson, R. (1995). Word Meaning. Padstow: Routledge. Palmer, F. R. (1981). Semantics. Bath: Cambridge University Press. Stevenson, A. (ed. ) (2007). Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (6th edition). Italy: Oxford University Press. Word Count 1693 not including diagrams. 1799 with diagrams ———————– [1]I have used â€Å" â€Å" for quota tions rather than ‘ ‘ to prevent confusion between quotes and senses. How to cite Lexical Semantics: Hyponyny Networks, Papers

Diversion In Criminal Justice System - Courts And Police Department

Question: The halting or suspension before conviction of formal criminal proceedings against a person, conditioned on some form of counter performance by the defendant" (George, 1984). There are several reasons for the use of diversion: List 3 reasons with an explanation for the use of diversion, and discuss why it would be beneficial to the criminal justice system. Also explain how the use of diversion would have an effect on law enforcement. Is diversion cost-effective? Answer: Diversion in the criminal justice system: Diversion is a kind of program included in the criminal justice system, in which the criminals accept the responsibility for the commission of crime, try to amend the acts done by them and in which a healing process is initiated in which criminals commit to cooperate in exchange for the halt of the criminal proceedings against them ( Editorial: Justice system must correct itself after diversion debacle, 2011). The aim of diversion system is to make the criminal law abiding citizens and prevent them from re-offending. There are three major reasons for the introduction of this system. First, to divert the youth offenders from the criminal proceedings to some good activities of and under the community. In diversion, the offenders are engaged into some form of social service activities so that their mind can be changed from criminal intent to a noble intent (Jehle, J, 2008). Second, to relieve the courts and police department from the burden of cases for petty offenses and to preserve them for more serious crimes, where there are no other alternatives available. Third, to provide a source of restitution to the victims and the community and also to protect the youth from the stigma of criminal and to solve the petty cases outside the courts as far as possible. The main purpose of the diversion system is avoiding the formal time taking criminal proceedings and settlement by outside agencies so as to make the offenders get rid of criminal charges and criminal record. It is more beneficial to the criminal justice system as compared to the usual proceedings (Jehle, J., Wade, M., Elsner, B., 2008). The main reason behind it is that the stigma of the criminal record like arrest, trial and then conviction can actually lead to the encouragement of the criminal intent and behavior. Moreover, the expenses of diversion system are much lesser than that of the ordina ry regular criminal proceedings and are also less complex and with lesser formalities. It proves to be ultimately more effective for the society at large, because in certain successful cases the criminals get converted to good hum beings, which is rarely possible through punishment in regular criminal proceedings. Thirdly, the offender develops a habit of doing good while completing the condition of cooperating in the program ordered. Diversion helps in the law enforcement in an effective and useful way. The offenders are under the supervision of the probation officer, who monitors every activity of the offender and makes him abide by law at every step during the program (Landau, 2004). In case of failure of the program, heavy penalty is imposed and in case of serious failure of the program, where the offender does not cooperate as per the conditional order, regular criminal proceedings are initiated against the offender. In essence, it can be said that the diversion system is less complex, faster and more effective, as it attempts to eradicate the crime from the root, by changing the mind of the offender, which is the main cause of any crime and secures the future of the society. References: EDITORIAL: Justice system must correct itself after diversion debacle. (2011, Dec 18).McClatchy - Tribune Business News. Jehle, J., Lewis, C., Sobota, P. (2008). Dealing with juvenile offenders in the criminal justice system.European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research,14(2-3), 237-247. Jehle, J., Wade, M., Elsner, B. (2008). Prosecution and diversion within criminal justice systems in europe. aims and design of a comparative study.European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research,14(2-3), 93-99. Landau, T. (2004). How to put the community in community-based justice: Some views of participants in criminal court diversion.Howard Journal of Criminal Justice,43(2), 131-148.